Evolution and Considerations in Corporate Governance †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Evolution and Considerations in Corporate Governance. Answer: Introduction: The principles and recommendations set out in the practice of corporate governance is to ensure that the listed entities are likely to achieve good corporate governance outcome so that most of the reasonable expectation of investors are met. There are mainly eight principles as set out by the council and it comprise of board structuring to add value, laying solid foundations for oversight and management, safeguarding of entity in corporate reporting, act responsibly and ethically, making balanced and timely disclosure, remunerating responsibly and fairly, managing and recognizing risks and respecting the security holders rights (Asx.com.au 2018). It is required by the corporate governance principle and recommendations that companies should make disclosure of any material exposure to environmental, economic and risks associated with social sustainability. As assessment of issues of material sustainability has been conducted by Slater and Gordon group. Moreover, it has been ascertained from reviewing of environmental, social and governance risks that a thorough review with respect to the indicators and aspects tabled in the Global reporting the company has conducted initiatives of G4 sustainability reporting guidelines. The role of remuneration governance during the reporting period is to ensure that Salter and Gordon limited meet the requirement of guidelines of council of ASC corporate governance comprising of recommendations and gender diversity principles (Beekes et al. 2015). Group also conducts regular reviewing of uncertainties and risks that could that would have an impact on objective achievement and business strategy. Group in a competitive environment for rewarding executives fairly adopts contemporary executive remuneration strategies. In addition to this, ethical responsibilities of organization have been fulfilled in accordance with code of ethics. Mineral resources have designed safety strategies that focus on consolidation of making considerable improvement in the process of business. It is ensured by organization that critical risky activities are managed and identified with clear accountabilities for critical control verifications. Remuneration policy of Mineral resources is designed in such a way that it helps in addressing the stakeholder key concerns. Structure of remuneration is designed for creating strong link between performance that is based remuneration scheme and strategic priorities of company. Board in engaging with shareholders for understanding their concerns has invested considerable time and efforts. The aspect of strategy of company is maximizing creation of the long-term value of shareholders by way of generating superior return on invested capital. Creating of transparency between performance and direct linkage is the principle guiding remuneration decision of company (Donelson et al. 2015). Composition of boards over the last 3 years: The board of Slater and Gordon group comprise of executive, non-executive directors and managing director. In financial year 2016, there were six non-executive director, one executive director, one managing director and company secretary. As a part of process of recapitalization, Slater and Gordon group renewed the senior management and board in year 2017. This recapitalization provides the best opportunity for securing the employees, firm and clients future. While there were six non-executive directors, one managing director and one executive director of the group. Within the firm, the diversity is shaped by variety of characteristics that encompasses different ways of thinking and enabling them to serve client in a better way to a diversified range of clients. At Slater and Gordon, the commitment of board is to maintain and create a workplace that is inclusive and diversified for retaining and attracting quality employees (Media.slatergordon.com.au 2018). Ethos of organization is based on profound, social justice and abiding by the respect for institution and law ensuring that legal system fairly and equally treat people. Responsibility of board is to ensure that interest of shareholders and overall strategy of busi ness are aligned with the arrangement of remuneration strategy (Shimeld et al. 2017). Their commitment is to drive alignment between expectations of shareholders and arrangement of shareholders. Role of board as per board charter is defined as approving strategic direction of group. The board of Mineral resources looks forward to continuously guide the company along the exciting path and the proven strategy will continue to benefit all shareholders of company. In September 2017, mineral resources appointed a female non-executive director intended to increase proportion of women in the team of senior leadership. There was improvement in gender diversity of business by developing gender diversity strategy. The composition of board for financial year 2017 comprised of non-executive chairman, managing director, two independent non-executive director, lead independent non-executive director and company secretaries (Tricker and Tricker 2015). While in year 2016, the board comprised of managing director, non-executive chairman, two independent non-executive director and company secretary. The board that helps in maintaining market alignment continuously monitors the remuneration policy. In year 2015, the member of board comprised of non-executive chairman, managing dir ector, four independent non-executive director and company secretary. Policy of board is to conduct periodic review of approach used for remunerating non-executive director so that fees charged by them remain competitive (De Zwart 2015). Board of Mineral resources focused on development of new business initiatives for generating significant future shareholder value and assisting growth of organization as a whole. The primary consideration of the board is capital allocation that takes into account various opportunities available and making investment for maximizing long-term shareholder value. It is identified by management and board of Mineral resources that achievement of objective of group requires to have an uncompromising commitment to environment performance, safety and corporate governance (Mineralresources.com.au 2018). Strength and weakness in TFS corporate governance: The management team and board members of Quintis are committed to high standard of practices of corporate governance. Practices of corporate governance of Quintis comply with the Corporation act, 2001, Company constitution, Australian securities exchange and other applicable regulations and laws. Quintis also complies with the latest corporate governance principles and recommendations of council of ASX corporate governance. The company has a written document policy on relevant procedures and information disclosures. Such procedures focus on continuous disclosure of compliance and making improvement in access to information to investors (Safari et al. 2015). Workplace diversity is one of the important practices of corporate governance that recognizes the benefits of board and gender diversity incorporating retention of employees, high quality employees and deriving benefits from newly acquired talent (Cumming et al. 2016). The diversity strategy of Quintis deals with reviewing of succession plan for ensuring that there is appropriate focus on diversity and culture development that takes into account employees domestic responsibilities. Responsibility of Quintis also lies in monitoring, implementing and reporting on the measurable objectives that are established by human resources. Company performs the application of practices of risk management strategies that helps in improving decision making, reducing uncertainty, protecting stakeholders, supporting the achievement of financial, operational and strategic objectives and ensuring of regulatory compliance (Council and Exchange 2014). Quintis ensure a strong risk management culture for maintaining the strategy of managing the risks. Weakness of corporate governance: The supply deal of Sandalwood grower Quintis with Galderma was terminated and the information about termination was not conveyed to the top management and board of directors. It was reported by Swiss dermatology giant dermatology that a formula used in the Benzac skincare containing pharmaceutical grade sandalwood oil was discontinued. This particular fact depicts the complete failure of corporate governance. Valuation of TFS Corporation was questioned because of its unlikelihood of obtaining finance resulting from poor corporate governance practices, as it was believed that company does not have sufficient capital for maintaining plantations to maturity. The research report published by Glaucus triggered that corporate turmoil and price crash of Quintis marked and indicated the major assault of Australian soil through a new breed of hedge funds known short sellers. Such investors bet on the stock of company for publicizing their position. Such short sellers have been terrorizing companies that was witnessed in terms of attack on Quintis. Therefore, this particular incident corporate governance highlighted the need of board and management to be prepared for such short selling attacks. Management of Quintis was targeted because it misleads investors about operational and financial performance. Allegation was imposed on company that operation of company was done on Ponzi like structure that made the valuation of shares at zero (Donelson et al. 2015). Products such as Sandalwood that are used in perfumes, incense and traditional medicines take decade to grow. It was pointed out that Quintis relied on capital raisings to investors and pay debts indicating difficulty in cash flow. It was said that note generated by Glaucus littered an egregious and substantial inaccuracies. However, the call made by Glaucus was right that led to the collapse of stock by 78% that shook the confidence of investors. Contribution of corporate governance at TFS Corporation: The dive in share price of Quintis resulting from suspected shortcomings imposed question on directors and executives. Investors of company were suspicious about note holder that was led by fund manager of US, BlackRock that pursued for gaining control over the company. This particular scenario questioned the shareholders possible prejudices. Quintis delayed the annual accounts by putting net assets at worth $ 317 million and valuing plantations at $ 437.6 and thereby offsetting debt of amount $ 460.7 million. A tumultuous year was followed after the collapse of organization that eroded sales and damaged confidence of investors and thereby putting the balance sheet of organization under extreme pressure. The shares of company were further shredded by raising concerns over the contracts of substance along with sales absence in China. Company relied on selling new plantations to outside investors with most of the five million trees quite long time away from harvest. This was done for s upplementing revenue from sale of oil and sandalwood. Investors were deterred by negative sequence of events as most of plantation historically generated sales revenue (da Costa 2017). The new plantations lead to booking of establishment fees of amount $ 86.9 million that in last year that is 2015-2016 recorded $ 20.1 million as the operating revenue was half to $ 97 million. Cash balance of Quintis had fallen to $ 25.4 million compared to $ 89.8 million in the last month. Quintis survived only on help it received from note holders, as it was unable to meet the discounting oil and interest bills on notes for raising cash. Furthermore, two targeted the troubled sandalwood company, Quintis or three class actions of potential shareholders have the litigation backing because the company is headed to appear for court. The statement made by Quintis about billing of twenty year deal of supply of sustainably grown and pharmaceutical grade Indian Sandalwood oil to prestigious customers was completely at odds along with the statements made about the Galderma contract landmark significance. Failure of corporate governance was centered around the Quintis failure to make disclosure of the loss of long-term supply contract with Galderma and it intends to make recovery of loss that shareholders have suffered. Quintis withdrew the earning guidance in year 2016-2017 along with slashing the forecast of sales of products from range of $ 45 million to $ 55 million to $ 25 million to $ 35 million (Fowler, 2018). In the current situation, the failure of its corporate governance practices has resulted in occurrence of liqui dity crisis. Therefore, the objective of organization is to go for recapitalization along with the facing the most critical time for sales of plantation to new sandalwood investors. Shares of Quintis remained suspended after it faced the corporate governance failure. A further disclosure was accompanied in the downgrade of company that since June, 2015, there was no shipping of oil by Galderma (Lcmfinance.com 2017). References list: Asx.com.au. (2018). [online] Available at: https://www.asx.com.au/documents/asx-compliance/cgc-principles-and-recommendations-3rd-edn.pdf [Accessed 28 Mar. 2018]. Beekes, W., Brown, P. and Zhang, Q., 2015. Corporate governance and the informativeness of disclosures in Australia: A re?examination.Accounting Finance,55(4), pp.931-963. Council, A.C.G. and Exchange, A.S., 2014. Corporate governance principles and recommendations . ASX Corporate Governance Council. Cumming, D., Leung, T.Y. and Rui, O., 2015. Gender diversity and securities fraud.Academy of management Journal,58(5), pp.1572-1593. Curti, F. and Mihov, A., 2018. Fraud recovery and the quality of country governance.Journal of Banking Finance,87, pp.446-461. da Costa, A.P.P., 2017. Corporate Governance and Fraud: Evolution and Considerations. InCorporate Governance and Strategic Decision Making. InTech. De Zwart, F., 2015.Enhancing Firm Sustainability Through Governance: The Relational Corporate Governance Approach. Edward Elgar Publishing. Donelson, D.C., McInnis, J.M. and Mergenthaler, R., 2015. The effect of governance reforms on financial reporting fraud. Fowler, C. (2018).Former Quintis boss returns as growers seek to take back control of sandalwood empire. [online] ABC Rural. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/rural/2018-03-16/former-quintis-chief-returns-sandalwood-grower-takeover/9544926 [Accessed 28 Mar. 2018]. Lcmfinance.com. (2017).Momentum growing in Quintis class action | LCM Finance. [online] Available at: https://www.lcmfinance.com/momentum-growing-in-quintis-class-action/ [Accessed 28 Mar. 2018]. Media.slatergordon.com.au. (2018). [online] Available at: https://media.slatergordon.com.au/sgh-2016-annual-report.pdf [Accessed 28 Mar. 2018]. Mineralresources.com.au. (2018). [online] Available at: https://www.mineralresources.com.au/images/2017_Annual_Report(1).pdf [Accessed 28 Mar. 2018]. Safari, M., Mirshekary, S. and Wise, V., 2015. Compliance with corporate governance principles: Australian evidence.Australasian Accounting Business Finance Journal,9(4), p.3. Shimeld, S., Williams, B. and Shimeld, J., 2017. Diversity ASX corporate governance recommendations: a step towards change?.Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal,8(3), pp.335-357. Tricker, R.B. and Tricker, R.I., 2015.Corporate governance: Principles, policies, and practices. Oxford University Press, USA

Urban poverty Essay Example For Students

Urban poverty Essay Outline1 Urban Poverty2 I. Introduction3 II. Methodology4 III. Discussion5 1. Causes of poorness6 1.1 Population7 1.2 Employment8 1.3 The societal base installing and societal service9 2. Effectss of poorness10 2.1 Personal11 2.2 Social12 2.3 Condemnable13 3. Solutions to poverty14 3.1 Government15 3.2 Social Urban Poverty I. Introduction Historically, poorness belonged to rural countries, but nowadays it is the same in mega metropoliss and it is estimated that a one-fourth of the universe s urban population is presently populating in a poorness state of affairs ( Perlman, 1998 ) . In last several old ages, by the population growing detonation and more and more people choose to populating from countryside to metropolis, this phenomenon was going more and more serious. At same clip, it made societal jobs stand out. Intensifying of urban poorness has going an insecure factor in societal and economic. The new jobs mix with old jobs lead to a assortment of complex societal effects. In this study will show the jobs which urban poorness, and seek to happen the solutions to work out it. The ground for urban poorness is complicated, such as population, employment and societal service. This study will province as follow. II. Methodology III. Discussion 1. Causes of poorness 1.1 Population Since the twentieth century 50years, along with the accelerated procedure of urbanisation and urban population denseness increased, the population of universe from 30 % to approximately 50 % now, is attack to 60 % by 2030. Because of this, the urban hapless and slums have become progressively outstanding. Today s megacities are making the bounds of their carrying capacity to prolong human life, as urbanites progressively face deficiency of entree to safe H2O and sanitation, unequal waste direction, hapless drainage, air pollution, inordinate noise degrees, and uneffective and unequal service proviso ( Perlman, J. , Hopkins, E. A ; Perez, R. 2008 ) . 1.2 Employment It is means that people who populating in the urban poorness, it will easy missing to employment. Harmonizing to Perlman ( 1998 ) said that adult females who is worked in poorness countries is overstrain, without the safety belongings. What is more, less working chances contribute to low-income family fighting for endurance ( Baker and Schuler, 1997 ) , and hence, the spread between rich and hapless is widening ( Perlman, 1998 ) . 1.3 The societal base installing and societal service Due to the jobs of urban poorness is more earnestly, it is consequence the societal base installing and societal service. Harmonizing to the research from Practical Action ( 2008 ) , there are 2.2billion people around universe scarceness entree to proper sanitation, the cloacas are created by rubbish and human laxations, and more than 420 million bash non hold entree to the simplest latrines ( Perlman, 1998 ) and deficiency of solid waste disposal services ( Masika, 1997 ) . On the other manus, they lack of entree to community services and low-income communities have no control over new installations ( Perlman, 1998 ) . 2. Effectss of poorness 2.1 Personal First, due to the urban hapless and their households, the world of poorness has a certain grade of harm on their wellness, instruction, employment, lodging, household life and other facets. In the commercial metropolis, hapless people have low buying power. It is non merely taking urban hapless to troubles on their material life, but besides declining them to hold equal entree to urban instruction, wellness attention and other services. The urban hapless in these countries will dawdle behind their civilization and physiological quality than the non-poor, therefore indirectly taking to worsen in their societal category position, so that their kids may still confront the quandary of poorness. .uf1aa0292084d10963708a37a37546255 , .uf1aa0292084d10963708a37a37546255 .postImageUrl , .uf1aa0292084d10963708a37a37546255 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf1aa0292084d10963708a37a37546255 , .uf1aa0292084d10963708a37a37546255:hover , .uf1aa0292084d10963708a37a37546255:visited , .uf1aa0292084d10963708a37a37546255:active { border:0!important; } .uf1aa0292084d10963708a37a37546255 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf1aa0292084d10963708a37a37546255 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf1aa0292084d10963708a37a37546255:active , .uf1aa0292084d10963708a37a37546255:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf1aa0292084d10963708a37a37546255 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf1aa0292084d10963708a37a37546255 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf1aa0292084d10963708a37a37546255 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf1aa0292084d10963708a37a37546255 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf1aa0292084d10963708a37a37546255:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf1aa0292084d10963708a37a37546255 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf1aa0292084d10963708a37a37546255 .uf1aa0292084d10963708a37a37546255-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf1aa0292084d10963708a37a37546255:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Mayans Argumentative Essay2.2 Social When the state of affairs of urban poorness become aggravate and regulations break down, as Power, A. and Houghton, j. said â€Å"defensive anti- societal behaviour takes root, people carry knives, immature people from packs, people dump their majority trash where it has already accumulated and foreigners abandon autos in creaky streets where mulcts are non enforced† . 2.3 Condemnable Civil Unrest in the Gallic is a typical illustration. Every state has nonsubjective issue of Urban affluent polarisation, developed states are no exclusion. The poorness and The involvements of the division lead to societal struggle, the Gallic phenomenon of urban poorness and societal struggle have some representation. In November 2007, the Gallic railroad work stoppage broke out in sequence and societal agitation. However, in the suburbs of Paris in 2005, two male childs were by chance dead, had a similar eruption of agitation. The public violences in 2005 and 2007, most people in group were populating in hapless conditions, unemployment and poverty population. The content of the public presentation reflected were migration, unemployment, and poorness. It was widening spread between rich and the hapless led to the split of the deep societal contradictions, reflecting the rich-poor divide is existent bitterness. 3. Solutions to poverty 3.1 Government The authorities has responsibility to concern about the poorness job, to take highly care about their kids to school, and basic wellness. Make certain urban hapless can acquire particular monetary value about urban H2O, electricity, gas monetary value and so on, so that their life status do non deteriorate. And the authorities is have to plan a income mechanism to extenuate distribution spread, such as commanding revenue enhancements and societal public assistance system to do the strong gross transportation to the weak. 3.2 Social Fairness in economic activities there are two constructs, one is income every bit, all participants in economic activities more consistent gross ; 2nd is a just opportunity, that average economic agents have a just competition and just chance to take part. Income may be unjust, but everyone should hold the right to vie reasonably.

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Discuss the Ways In Which Two Poems In The Anthology Explore The Effects Of Untimely Death Essays

Discuss the Ways In Which Two Poems In The Anthology Explore The Effects Of Untimely Death Essays Discuss the Ways In Which Two Poems In The Anthology Explore The Effects Of Untimely Death Essay Discuss the Ways In Which Two Poems In The Anthology Explore The Effects Of Untimely Death Essay Essay Topic: Poems When men went to war, there was every chance of them dying. But, their friends and family could never had prepared themselves for news of that persons death. Untimely death is a theme which is explored throughout the anthology in many ways, in particular, looking at the effects of the news of death upon loved ones.The Seed-Merchants Son is a poem by Agnes Grozier Herbertson that conveys the bereavement that a man feels for his son who has died at war. This poem continuously emphasises the youth of the boy, which constantly reiterates the idea of untimely death, as the boy died before he could live a full life. The fact that the man in the poem has lost His dear, his loved, his only one accentuates the notion that the man had love for only one child, and that child died in the war. The young age of the boy is highlighted when the author tells us his school books, into the cupboard thrust, and that they have scarcely had time to gather dust. This shows that the boy has just left school, which adds to the pathos of the poem. This sense of pathos is continued throughout the poem, and is particularly noticable when the author adjusts the poetic syntax of the fifteenth line, to tell the reader that the man in the poem is old to have fathered so young a son.The author uses elipses toward the end of the poem to generate a dramatic silence which could be seen as the silence after the death of the young soldier had been told to his father and the shock and desperation that the man felt during that time. The man would have thought about his son who had never before seen seed or sod. This line uses sibilance which has a threatening sound to it which could be interpreted as the fear that the young soldiers would all have to go through knowing that they might never again feel a sence of solace.By the end of this poem, the man has come to terms with the boys death as although the man is sadened, he is very proud of his son for fighting for his country. The man murmurs thank G-d, thank G-d, showing that he is proud of his son for the sacrifice he made.Another poem in the anthology that portrays the pathos involved and explores the repracussions of untimely death is The Deserter by Winifred M. Letts, which tells of the soldiers being forced to go to war and being dogged by fear. The author writes how one man who could not face the German guns was shot by an English bullet in his heart for desertion. He was shot in a place apart, showing that he was absolutely alone and could be interpreted that he didnt believe that anyone else could feel like he felt in battle. The poem continues to say that the mother was spared ill feelings when she is told by a messenger that her son died as a hero, foremost in the strife. This white-lie is a safety blanket, which is used to protect the woman from suffering a distraught sense of anger and sadness at the idea that he was shot for desertion. The irony is that although this brings about a feeling of pride within the mother and so she goes proudly; to the strife to mourn for her hero son, she does not know he lies in a deserters grave.The author has written that there was a man dont mind his name. This generalisation shows that this set of circumstances ocured many times throughout the war, and the untimely death of so many young men brought about so much pain and anguish.From these two poems, we can see that untimely death has many different effects and consequences on different people; it can cause grief and sadness, pain and sorrow, or it can lead to pride and peace. Whatever the outcome, untimely death at war never leads to happiness.

Dealing with culture change Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dealing with culture change - Research Paper Example Defined as the scientific study of human behavior and processes under diverse cultures, (Adler and Gielen 4) Cross-cultural Psychology delves more on behavioral transformations of an individual when placed in a culturally foreign environment than on the cultural differences of nations. Some of the common types of cultural change effects on an individual are on the emotional state, beliefs and practices, personality, social behavior and relations, interpretation of everyday languages as well as relationship with family. New geographical surroundings, unfamiliar languages as well as strange customs and other intercultural contact and changes that may cause problems for an individual can collectively be called as culture shock. Culture shock may be traced to past negative events, minimal social support and differences in human values. (Furnham, Bochner 177) Negative life-events include inability to cope with new environment due to previous physical illness and psychological ailment. Negative events also include abrupt changes in environment and situations, traumatic occurrences such as extremely embarrassing experiences. (Furnham, Bochner 178) Physical and mental illness that weaken the coping mechanism of an individual include tuberculosis, depression, skin diseases, cancer and heart diseases (Furnham, Bochner 178) since these ailments tend to bring patients depression and stigma. Some examples would be a former tuberculosis patient, a person suffering from a heart disease and a person with marks due to a previous skin disease. For a person who has been cleared of tuberculosis, the individual would always be on guard in allowing people to know of this previous medical record thus would lead to a limited s ocial interaction for the former tuberculosis patient. An individual who has a heart disease, given the condition of his health, would most of the time be irritable and sometimes undergoes self-pity for his condition. Irritability brought

Maryland Commuters Lived Experiences on Bicycle Commuting After Essay

Maryland Commuters Lived Experiences on Bicycle Commuting After Barriers Removed and Strategies Employed - Essay Example Hence, the purpose of this case study is to explore the causes why these barriers and strategies to overcome them did not actually work. Therefore, the research problem is embedded in the conceptual framework of the factors and barriers that affect commuters from choosing the bicycle as an alternative mode of transport to commute to work. For this reason, the data is collected from 12 respondents through in-depth, semi-structured interviews. As a result, this research study contributes to positive social change by increasing the awareness of government leaders, city and regional planners, and the private sector on bicycling problem. In particular, they can recognize several effective strategies that will make bicycle commuting a preferred alternative mode of transportation to commute to work. Thus, the study brings to light the new policy that can be effective in combating the problem of vehicular congestion, environmental pollution, oil dependency, and sedentary lifestyle linked to obesity. Chen and Tang (2012) argued that automobile dependence is a global problem specifically affecting the lives of commuters living in big cities. In the United States, there is also a dependence on the repeated use of automobiles (Dulal, Brodnig, & Onoriose, 2011; Litman, 2009). In this context, Hamilton and Atkins (2008) argued that the number of automobiles joining the highways road construction has become incompatible; thus, the problem of vehicular congestion appears. Santos, Behrendt, Maconi, Shirvani, and Teytelboym (2010) wrote that the dependence on the automobile contributres negative consequences for society. In defence, Abrahamse, Steg, Gifford, and Vlek (2009) suggested that the automobile serves many purposes for travel; however, they agree that automobile is a contributing factor to vehicular congestion and environmental pollution. In addition, Kent (2013) suggested that automobile dependency is connected to the poor health issues. In

Does a nurse with a BSN make a difference in patient outcomes Essay

Does a nurse with a BSN make a difference in patient outcomes - Essay Example In this paper I will be answering the question of whether nurses with BSN make a positive difference in patient outcomes. Research by a different organization and scholars converges at the conclusion that competency, knowledge and application of specific skills significantly depends on educational attainment. According to the American Association of Colleges of Nursing, nurses with BSN degrees are better placed to effectively meet the demands and expectations of the modern society. Nurses with BSN have a good training and as such develop strong critical thinking skills, leadership abilities, capacities to manage cases and promote healthcare outcomes. These nurses have a strong foundation that enables them to effectively work in both outpatient and inpatient settings without little challenge. It is for such unique and beneficial capabilities that baccalaureate prepared nurses are highly regarded and associated with promoting positive patient outcomes. It has been identified in the past few years that the level of education really makes a great difference in the way nursing is practiced. The BSN program covers content taught at both diploma and associate degree as well as providing students with a deeper understanding of the entire nursing profession. It covers research, leadership in nursing, physical sciences, social sciences and public health among many other courses. This broader coverage prepares the student nurses in a manner that allows them to understand the different issues impacting on patients and influencing healthcare provision. An inverse relationship has been demonstrated to exist between the number of BSN nurses and patient mortality when in hospitals; mortality decreases with increase in number of BSN nurses (Kimberly, 2009). Education for the nurse has also association with the safety of patients as well as quality of healthcare offered. Education provides the necessary theoretical as well as practical